Vaccines are one of the most effective ways to protect your dog from serious and potentially fatal illnesses. Learn which vaccines are essential, why they matter, and how to keep your pet’s protection up to date.

Why vaccines are essential

Dog vaccines work by preparing your pet’s immune system to recognize and fight off harmful diseases. Without them, dogs are at risk of contracting life-threatening infections that can spread quickly and may not have reliable treatments. Vaccination protects not just your dog but also other pets and even people in some cases.

Core vaccines every dog needs

Core vaccines are recommended for all dogs, regardless of lifestyle or environment. These include:

Non-core vaccines based on lifestyle

Some vaccines are optional but strongly recommended depending on your dog’s activities, environment, or exposure risks. Examples include:

Puppy vaccination schedule

Puppies require a series of vaccinations beginning around 6–8 weeks of age, with boosters every 3–4 weeks until about 16 weeks. This series ensures their developing immune system is fully protected as maternal antibodies fade.

Adult dog boosters and maintenance

Adult dogs need regular boosters to maintain protection. Some vaccines are given annually, while others may be spaced every three years. Your veterinarian will recommend a schedule tailored to your dog’s needs and lifestyle.

Putting it all together: a quick vaccination checklist